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Virginia Valian uses concepts and data from psychology, sociology, economics, and biology to explain the disparity in the professional advancement of men and women. Why do so few women occupy positions of power and prestige? Virginia Valian uses concepts and data from psychology, sociology, economics, and biology to explain the disparity in the professional advancement of men and women. According to Valian, men and women alike have implicit hypotheses about gender differences--gender schemas--that create small sex differences in characteristics, behaviors, perceptions, and evaluations of men and women. Those small imbalances accumulate to advantage men and disadvantage women. The most important consequence of gender schemas for professional life is that men tend to be overrated and women underrated. Valian's goal is to make the invisible factors that retard women's progress visible, so that fair treatment of men and women will be possible. The book makes its case with experimental and observational data from laboratory and field studies of children and adults, and with statistical documentation on men and women in the professions. The many anecdotal examples throughout provide a lively counterpoint

Strategic Objectives H.1. Create or strengthen national machineries and other governmental bodies; H.2. Integrate gender perspectives in legislation, public policies, programmes and projects; H.3. Generate and disseminate gender-disaggregated data and information for planning and evaluation

Women continue to face unique barriers in the biomedical workforce that affect their advancement and retention in this field. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) formed the Working Group on Women in Biomedical Careers to address these issues. Through the efforts of the Working Group, the NIH funded 14 research grants to identify barriers or to develop and/or test interventions to support women in the biomedical workforce. The grantees that were funded through this endeavor later established the grassroots Research Partnership on Women in Biomedical Careers, and they continue to conduct research and disseminate information on the state of women in academic medicine. This Commentary explores the themes introduced in a collection of articles organized by the Research Partnership and published in this issue of Academic Medicine. The authors highlight the role government plays in the advancement of women in academic medicine and highlight the findings put forward in this collection.

Women continue to face unique barriers in the biomedical workforce that affect their advancement and retention in this field. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) formed the Working Group on Women in Biomedical Careers to address these issues. Through the efforts of the Working Group, the NIH funded 14 research grants to identify barriers or to develop and/or test interventions to support women in the biomedical workforce. The grantees that were funded through this endeavor later established the grassroots Research Partnership on Women in Biomedical Careers, and they continue to conduct research and disseminate information on the state of women in academic medicine. This Commentary explores the themes introduced in a collection of articles organized by the Research Partnership and published in this issue of Academic Medicine. The authors highlight the role government plays in the advancement of women in academic medicine and highlight the findings put forward in this collection.

This study investigated cultural factors and career advancement of women in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study examined the relationship between cultural belief, religious belief, in-law interference and career advancement of women in Ekiti State. The study adopted descriptive research design of the survey type. The population for this study consisted of all the female employees in private tertiary institutions, public tertiary institutions and Government Ministries in Ekiti State. A total of 572 female workers spread across private tertiary institutions, public tertiary institutions and Government Ministries in Ekiti State were selected for this study using multistage sampling procedure. The instrument used for collection of data was a self-designed instrument tagged "Cultural Factors and Career Advancement Questionnaire" (CFCAQ). The instrument was validated by experts of Tests and Measurement. The reliability of the instrument was determined through a test re-test method which yielded reliability co-efficient of 0.81. The data obtained through the instrument were tested using inferential statistics at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study showed that cultural belief and in-law interference were related to career advancement of women in Ekiti State. However, there was no significant relationship between religious belief and career advancement of women. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended among others that women should not be discriminated in the society because of cultural belief that put wife under the authority of her husband. Keywords: Cultural Factors, Career Advancement, Women, ; This article has been published at www.ijarbas.com , Issue:4, Vol.#2, April 2020.